Unmatched Performance, for Hyperscale, Edge, High Performance Computing, and Cryptocurrency Mining
Liquid Cooling for Today and Tomorrow
The data center industry is undergoing significant changes due to two major trends: the rising power needs of GPUs for services like large language models and generative AI, and growing concerns about the environmental impact of data centers. These developments are pushing data center owners and operators to move beyond traditional cooling solutions. Hybrid environments that combine air and liquid cooling are becoming more common, particularly in data centers focused on running generative AI and improving energy efficiency.
Cooling the Next Generation of Computing
High performance computing (HPC) and data-intensive technology applications – like machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), generative AI, crypto mining, and high-definition video processing – can have server densities over 100kW, making the ROI for air cooling unattractive. Liquid cooling, with its higher thermal conductivity, provides significantly greater capacity to reject heat and cool the server densities that these technologies require.
Delivering Cost-Saving and Sustainability Benefits
Liquid cooling uses less energy, space and materials, while enabling higher density per rack to run next generation compute workloads such as generative AI demand.
| CDU Direct to chip | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest upfront cooling equipment costs |  | 1-phase Immersion Cooling  | 2-phase Immersion Cooling  |
| Highest cooling density for high TDP chips | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Best Power Utilization Efficiency (PUE) | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Best Water Utilization Efficiency (WUE) | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Highest number of servers per U space | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Most free-cooling potential | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Lowest whitespace consumption | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Quickest installation and server changeout | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Most liquid-ready servers | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Least equipment maintenance | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
| Ease of server/IT refresh | | 1-phase Immersion Cooling | 2-phase Immersion Cooling |
LiquidStack offers a range of liquid cooling solutions to match customers’ adoption approach.
Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU) and Direct-to-Chip
How it works: In a Direct-to-Chip solution liquid coolant is delivered directly to the hottest components, usually the GPU and/or CPU via a cold plate placed directly on the chip. The electric components are never in direct contact with the coolant and the liquid coolant is circulated through channels within the cold plates, absorbing heat directly from the components. The heated coolant is pumped away from the cold plates to a Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU), where the heat is dissipated to air or liquid depending on the type of CDU in place. Coolants can be either a water glycol mix or dielectric fluid.
Typical applications and use cases include artificial intelligence (AI), advanced cloud computing, video and graphics rendering, high performance computing (HPC), and any low latency, high processing applications.
LiquidStack’s Coolant Distribution Units (CDUs) can be configured for virtually any direct-to-chip solution. Powerful, compact, efficient, and easy to manage, they are designed for the latest AI chips and servers.
Single Phase Immersion Cooling
How it works: the entire server including GPUs and CPUs is submerged in a thermally conductive, dielectric liquid coolant. The liquid coolant absorbs heat from the components and is then circulated through a heat exchanger to dissipate the heat. As the liquid coolant is never allowed to boil and turn into vapor, it is called single phase immersion cooling since the liquid remains in one state. This method provides excellent cooling efficiency and density, allowing for very high-density rack configurations.
Typical applications and use cases include regional edge, retrofitting existing data center infrastructure, artificial intelligence (AI), OTT, advanced cloud services, video and graphics rendering, high performance computing (HPC), and other low latency, high processing applications
LiquidStack’s single phase immersion DataTank™ provides the highest cooling capacity on the market. Our advanced flow technology optimizes heat transfer and rejection, with as low as 1.03 pPUE, by leveraging warmer water temperatures, and minimizing mechanical cooling power consumption.
Two Phase Immersion Cooling
How it works: the entire server including GPUs and CPUs is submerged in a thermally conductive, dielectric liquid coolant. Unlike single phase immersion cooling, the heat from the chips is allowed to cause the liquid coolant to boil and turn into vapor, which removes the heat from the electronics. The vapor rises, cools and condenses, allowing the liquid coolant to fall as droplets back into the tank. The continuous cycle of turning liquid into vapor and vapor into liquid is the reason why the process is called two phase immersion cooling. This approach offers exceptional cooling capacity and efficiency.
Typical applications and use cases include new data center construction, artificial intelligence (AI), OTT, advanced cloud services, video and graphics rendering, high performance computing (HPC), and other low latency, high processing applications.
LiquidStack’s two phase immersion DataTank™ meets the challenging needs of increased server density as well as power and energy requirements, while requiring only a fraction of the space and energy used by air-cooled data centers.
LiquidStack defies cooling conventions, empowering a new generation of edge, data center and distributed computing
Liquid cooling innovator since 2012
Extensive patent portfolio and growing
World’s first Innovation Center for
two phase immersion liquid cooling
Silent, sustainable and environmentally friendly
Working with the world’s largest hyperscalers and data center operators